By Antero Ollila
Original Research Article
Published 24 May 2019
Physical Science International Journal
22(2): 1-19, 2019; Article no.PSIJ.49095
ISSN: 2348-0130
ABSTRACT
The greenhouse effect concept has been developed to explain the Earth’s elevated temperature. The prevailing theory of climate change is the anthropogenic global warming theory, which assumes that the greenhouse (GH) effect is due to the longwave (LW) absorption of 155.6 Wm -2 by GH gases and clouds. The actual warming increase to 33°C of the Earth’s surface temperature according to the present GH effect definition is the infrared downward LW radiation of 345.6 Wm -2 emitted by the atmosphere. The atmosphere’s temperature is the key element behind this radiation. According to the energy laws, it is not possible that the LW absorption of 155.6 Wm by the GH -2 gases could re-emit downward LW radiation of 345.6 Wm-2 on the Earth’s surface. In this study, the GH -2 effect is 294.5 Wm-2, including shortwave radiation absorption by the atmosphere and the latent and sensible heating effect. This greater GH effect is a prerequisite for the present atmospheric temperature, which provides downward radiation on the surface. Clouds’ net effect is 1% based on the empirical observations. The contribution of CO 2 in the GH effect is 7.3% corresponding to 2.4°C in temperature. The reproduction of CO 2 radiative forcing (RF) showed the climate sensitivity RF -2 value to be 2.16 Wm-2 , which is 41.6% smaller than the 3.7 Wm-2 used by the IPCC. A climate model showing a climate sensitivity (CS) of 0.6°C matches the CO 2 contribution in the GH effect, but the IPCC’s climate model showing a CS of 1.8°C or 1.2°C does not.