Willie Soon

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1. Key facts about the controversy

This page presents background information and facts about the controversy as well as links to some of the attacks on Dr. Soon as well as articles defending him. Dr. Soon’s biography and a partial list of articles he has written for peer-reviewed journals is at the bottom of this page.

In late February, 2015, Dr. Willie W.-H. Soon was accused by a Greenpeace activist of failing to disclose conflicts of interest to an academic journal. The accusation was false, but it was repeated by liberal reporters for major media outlets in the U.S. and U.K. and then became the basis for a coordinated campaign against global warming “skeptics” by liberal advocacy groups, Democratic U.S. senators and a congressman, and their allies in the mainstream media.

* Neither the editors of Science Bulletin nor the Smithsonian Institution, Dr. Soon’s employer, have said Dr. Soon violated their disclosure or conflict of interest rules.

* Kert Davies, the source of the accusations, has been making similar attacks against Dr. Soon and other climate scientists since as long ago as 1997. He is not a credible source.

* Grants supporting Dr. Soon’s work were vetted and submitted by the Smithsonian, not by Dr. Soon. Grant dollars went to the Smithsonian, which kept around 40 percent of the money for oversight and overhead.

* The amount of industry support Dr. Soon received, variously reported as $1 million or $1.2 million, includes the Smithsonian Institution’s 40 percent share and was received over the course of ten years.

* By agreement between donors and the Smithsonian, Dr. Soon wasn’t even aware of who some of the donors were, making a conflict of interest impossible.

* Disclosure of funding sources is not a common requirement of academic journals in the physical sciences field. Most climate scientists – alarmist as well as skeptical – do not disclose their funding sources.

* The Smithsonian’s investigation into its grant-making process is being led by John Kress, Interim Under Secretary for Science, kressj@si.edu, and Charles Alcock, director of the Center for Astrophysics, calcock@cfa.harvard.edu.

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2. Background

* Before this phony controversy erupted, “Why Models Run Hot” was downloaded from Science Bulletin some 10,000 times in just a few weeks — a very high number for a scientific paper. As of February 26, the paper has been downloaded more than 22,000 times (combined paper downloads and abstract readings), more than any other paper in the publication’s history.

* The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics expressly forbids Soon to research and write about climate change while “on the clock” because it is allegedly unrelated to the center’s focus. So it necessarily follows that the grants Soon raises to fund his position at Harvard-Smithsonian — which are agreements between the Harvard-Smithsonian Institution and donors, not between donors and Dr. Soon — did not pay for “Why Models Run Hot.”

* Soon stated to the Boston Globe in 2013: “No amount of money can influence what I have to say and write, especially on my scientific quest to understand how climate works, all by itself.”

* The leftist Guardian newspaper reported on February 21, 2015 that Soon’s arrangement with Harvard-Smithsonian is one in which he raises his own salary. This is not unusual and doesn’t mean he’s in a junior or inferior position at the center: “As is common among Harvard-Smithsonian scientists, Soon is not on a salary. He receives his compensation from outside grant money, said Christine Pulliam, a spokeswoman for the Center for Astrophysics.”

* Harvard-Smithsonian is publicly defending Soon: “Pulliam cast Soon’s association with the institutions as an issue of academic freedom: ‘Academic freedom is critically important. The Smithsonian stands by the process by which the research results of all of its scholars are peer reviewed and vetted by other scientists. This is the way that the scientific process works. The funding entities, regardless of their affiliation, have no influence on the research.’ ”

* Fifty-seven scientists sent a letter to the Harvard-Smithsonian on June 7, 2010 urging the center to reject the Greenpeace FOIA request in order to “protect Dr. Soon, to safeguard the integrity of the research process, and to reject this effort to bring undue and improper political influence to bear on scientific activities.” Read the letter here.

* Climate scientists who favor the alarmist perspective seldom disclose the funding they receive from left-wing advocacy groups or government agencies whose RFPs clearly call for alarmist findings. For example, Michael Oppenheimer (See Why Doesn’t Boston Globe do funding story on UN IPCC & EDF Warmist Michael Oppenheimer?) and (Oppenheimer, a paid partisan of the environmental pressure group Environmental Defense) and Kerry Emanuel: (National Academy of Sciences to investigate warmist Kerry Emanuel for failing to disclose insurance industry ties in recent study and Winning! JunkScience forces Emanuel to disclose insurance employers.) 

* None of the attack pieces dispute the science Soon presents. This is because the journalists simply took a news release from Greenpeace, a radical environmental group with no expertise on climate science and a record of exaggeration and attacks on climate scientists, and reported it as news. The “science reporters” assigned to these hit pieces — even from America’s most prestigious outlets —don’t know enough about science to comment on the merits of Dr. Soon’s work.

* That the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics accepts outside funding to support the work of Dr. Soon and other scientists on its staff is old news. Kert Davies, the source of the latest smear, has been trying to demonize Dr. Soon and the Smithsonian Institution about this since 1997. This latest attempt to smear Dr. Soon and the Harvard-Smithsonian Institution is timed to distract attention some real news that exposes real corruption in the global warming movement:  the resignations of the nation’s “greenest” governor, John Kitzhaber of Oregon, and the chairman of the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Rajendra Pachauri.

* Click here to see the emails released by the Smithsonian Institution in response to Greenpeace’s FOIA requests.

* Click here for Smithsonian Institution’s “Statement of Values and Code of Ethics”

* Click here for Christopher Monckton’s letter to the editors of Science Bulletin

* Click here for Robert Carter’s letter to the director of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

* Click here for Christopher Monckton’s letter to the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

* Click here for Judith Curry’s commentary on conflicts of interest in the physical sciences

* Click here for Christopher Monckton’s letter to Chief Justice John Roberts

* The campaign against Dr. Soon and other global warming skeptics bears a striking resemblance to the infamous witch hunts of the 16th and 17th centuries. Read about it here and here.

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3. Articles defending Dr. Soon

Aitkin, Don When you have nothing left with which to argue, please avoid the smear – Don Aitkin blog (Mar 9, 2015)

Arizona Republic Editorial Board Drop the climate-change witch hunt – Arizona Republic (Mar 12, 2015)

Armstrong, J. Scott Missing the mark on climate change skepticism – Washington Times (Mar 24, 2015)

Arnold, Ron, A Few Facts for Climate Alarmists Waging War Against Willie Soon, Heartland Institute (April 20, 2016)

Arnold, Ron, Facts Clear Astrophysicist Soon of Wrongdoing, Indict Journalists Covering Climate Debate, Heartland Institute  (May 6, 2016)

Bailey, Michael J. Climate warming skeptic berates critics – Boston Globe (Mar 3, 2015)

Bast, Joseph and Joseph A. Morris, The Crucifixion of Dr. Wei-Hock Soon – Breitbart (Feb 24, 2015)

Bast, Joseph Left Launches Witch Hunt Against Climate Scientists – Heartland Institute (Mar 1, 2015)

Bastasch, Michael What Does A Conflict Of Interest In Climate Science Look Like? – Daily Caller (Feb 27, 2015)

Baum, Kristina & Harder, Donelle Senate EPW Republicans Take a Stand for Academic Freedom – EPW (Feb 27, 2015)

Bell, Larry New York Times Targeting of Climate Alarm Skeptic Misfires – NewsMax (Feb 26, 2015)

Bell, Larry Chilling Climate Change at New York Times – NewsMax (Mar 2, 2015)

Borders, Max The Climate Complex Strikes Back – The Freeman (Feb 27, 2015)

Briggs, William M., Goon Squad Fails To Distract Public From Fact That Climate Models Stink: Update 3 — (Feb 22, 2015)

Briggs, William M., Response To Trenberth Over “Why Models Run Hot” — (Feb 21, 2015)

Briggs, William M., Reporting On So-Called Climate Reporters: Update 4 — (Feb 20, 2015)

Briggs, William M. Left Panics Over Peer-Reviewed Climate Paper’s Threat to Global Warming Alarmism – Breitbart (Feb 23, 2015)

Briggs, William M.; Carter, Robert M.; and Legates, David R. The Silence of the Scientists – Breitbart (Feb 23, 2015)

Briggs, William M. Mainstream Global Warming Reporters Are Biased, Unteachable, Lazy, & Unethical – (Mar 13, 2015)

Burnett, H. Sterling Investigation of Dr. Willie Soon: Smoke, No Fire – Heartlander (Mar 6, 2015)

Carter, Robert M Statement Regarding Allegations Concerning Dr. Willie Soon – Heartland Institute (Mar 3, 2015)

Caruba, Alan Green Slander (Feb 28, 2015)

Cook, Russell “Regurgitate Unsupportable Accusations, We Much?” Kert Davies is Back. Again. – WUWT/GelbspanFiles (Feb 26, 2015)

Cusick, Daniel Feisty Ala. climate change critic claims Washington is trying to intimidate him – E&E (Mar 26, 2015)

Delingpole, James NYT Smears Scientist Willie Soon For Telling the Truth About ‘Global Warming’ – Breitbart (Feb 21, 2015)

Driessen, Paul Silencing Climate Chaos Skeptics – Townhall (Mar 7, 2015)

Driessen, Paul The Whitehouse-White House Inquisition – Heartlander (Apr 21, 2015)

Ebell, Myron, New York Times Repeats Scurrilous Greenpeace Attack on Willie Soon Without Checking the Facts — GlobalWarming.org (Feb 27, 2015)

Essex, Christopher Save Willie: The global warming movement is anti-science, oblivious to how little we know about climate – Financial Post (Feb 25, 2015)

Foss, Jeffrey, The ‘Crime’ of Dr. Wei-Hock Soon — Breitbart (Mar 10, 2015)

Foster, Peter Crushing climate thoughtcrime – Financial Post (Feb 26, 2015)

Geman, Ben Democratic Congressman Draws Backlash Over Climate Funding Probe – National Journal (Feb 25, 2015)

Goddard, Steven  Barack Obama Goes Full Stalin – Real Science (Feb 24, 2015)

Hansen, Kip Greenpeace enlists Justin Gillis & John Schwartz of the NY Times in Journalistic Terrorist Attack on Willie Soon – Miss Target, Hit Smithsonian Instead – WUWT (Feb 23, 2015)

Hayward, John Betrayed by Science, The Church of Global Warming Can Still Burn a Heretic or Two – Breitbart (Feb 24, 2015)

Hinderaker, John The Smearing of Willie Soon – PowerlineBlog (Feb 24, 2015) 

Horner, Christopher, Dr. James Hansen’s growing financial scandal, now over a million dollars of outside income – Watts Up With That (Nov. 18, 2011)

Lindzen, Richard S. The Political Assault on Climate Skeptics – Wall Street Journal (Mar 4, 2015)

Lowry, Rich A Shameful Climate Witch Hunt – Politico Magazine (Feb 25, 2015)

Monckton, Christopher Dr Willie Soon: A Scientist in the Humble Quest for Truth – Breitbart (Feb 28, 2015)

Monckton, Christopher; Carter, Bob Dr. Wei-Hock Soon’s Peers Fire Back Against Global Warming Witch Hunt – Breitbart (Feb 23, 2015)

Monckton, Christopher Naming and Shaming the Rent-a-Quote Scientists (Feb 22, 2015)

Monckton, Christopher Dr. Willie Soon: A Scientist in the Humble Quest for Truth – Breitbart (Feb 28, 2015)

Monckton, Chrisopher; Legates, David; Briggs, Matt Calling all supporters of Dr. Willie Soon (Apr 10, 2015)

Moran, Rick, Letter Circulated on Behalf of a Victim of Global Warming Witch Hunt – PJ Media (Apr 10, 2015)

Nature Editorial Board Gone Fishing – Nature (Mar 4, 2015)

Oil & Gas Journal Editorial Board Stigmatizing Dissent – Oil & Gas Journal (Mar 9, 2015)

Payne, Henry Global Warming: Follow the Money – National Review (Feb 25, 2015)

Pointman blog I May Have Signed My Actual Death Warrant – (Mar 5, 2015)

Richardson, Valerie Dems Steadfast in ‘Witch Hunt’ of Doomsday-denying Climate Scientists – Washington Times (Mar 5, 2015)

Richardson, Valerie University of Delaware spurns House Democrats’ probe into climate professor – Washington Times (Mar 19, 2015)

Riehl, Dan Joe Sestak Pushing NYT’s Smear on Willie Soon to Boost Struggling Campaign– Breitbart (Feb 23, 2015)

Rucker, Craig They Attack What They Fear – CFACT (Feb 22, 2015)

Rychlak, Ronald J. Heat of the Moment: Climate change and the ‘settled science’ bullies – WND (Apr 20, 2015)

Seitter, Keith; Executive Director, American Meteorological Society AMS Letter to House Committee on Natural Resources on Challenges to Academic Freedom (Feb 27, 2015)

Shellenberger, Michael & Nordhaus, Ted Climate McCarthyism is Wrong Wheather Democratic or Republican – The Breakthrough (Feb 26, 2015)

Soon, Willie Gloves Come off in Bitter Fight Over Climate Change – South China Morning Post (July 19, 2015)

Spencer, Roy The ‘Skeptical Seven’ Witch Hunt is Just the Beginning – DrRoySpencer.com (Feb 26, 2015)

Steyn, Mark The Warmish Inquisition -SteynOnline (Feb 28, 2015)

Tisdale, Bob Roger Pielke, Jr. Being Investigated by Representative Grijalva for Presenting Inconvenient Data – WUWT (Feb 25, 2015)

Veer, PG Global Warming Believers Launch Attack Campaign Against renowned Scientist – Daily Caller (Feb 22, 2015)

Watts, Anthony Smear campaign: “His judgment cometh and that right soon” – WUWT (Feb 23, 2015)

Watts, Anthony Anatomy of a Climate Witch-hunt Letter from U.S. Representative Raúl M. Grijalva — WUWT (Feb 26, 2015)

Watts, Anthony Faux Outrage Over Willie Soon’s Disclosure? Joe Romm Failed to Disclose his Political Financial Ties in a Scientific Paper – WUWT (Feb 27, 2015)

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4. Articles attacking Dr. Soon

Allman, William Climate Change Researcher Received Funds From Fossil Fuel Industry – Smithsonian.com (Feb 26, 2015)

Basken, Paul A Climate Crusader Melts, Exposing a Profitable Link to Harvard’s Name – The Chronicle of Higher Education (Feb 25, 2015)

Brumfiel, Geoff As Climate Wars Heat Up, Some Skeptics Are Targets – NPR (Mar 10, 2015)

Dattaro, Laura Don’t forget to mention climate change – Columbia Journalism Review (Mar 16, 2015)

Davies, Kert Willie Soon Harvard Smithsonian Documents Reveal Southern Company Scandal – Climate Investigations Center (Feb 21, 2015)

Drum, Kevin Climate Change Deniers Take Yet Another Hit – MotherJones (Feb 22, 2015)

Ferris, Bob The Climate Deniers Sorry and Sordid Shell Game – Green Dreams (Mar 12, 2015)

Frank, Adam My Depressing Day With A Famous Climate Skeptic – NPR Blog (Feb 24, 2015)

Gillis, Justin & Schwartz, John Deeper Ties to Corporate Cash for Doubtful Climate Researcher – The New York Times (Feb 21, 2015)

Goldenberg, Suzanne Work of prominent climate change denier was funded by energy industry – The Guardian (Feb 21, 2015)

Harvey, Chelsea Leading skeptical climate scientist earned more than $1 million from the fossil-fuel industry – Business Insider (Feb 25, 2015)

Hasemyer, David Documents Reveal Fossil Fuel Fingerprints on Contrarian Climate Research – Inside Climate News (Feb 21, 2015)

Hasemyer, David A Weak Link to Harvard-Smithsonian Gave Star Power to Climate Contrarian Willie Soon – InsideClimate News (Mar 4, 2015)

Hazard, Daniel Willie Soon Exposed: Who Paid For His Research And Why? Oil Giant Southern Company Plays Major Role In Scandal – Inquisitr (Feb 23, 2015)

Lane, Sylvan Climate change skeptic accused of violating disclosure rules – The Boston Globe (Jan 26, 2015)

Leber, Rebecca Democrats Target Climate-Deniers-for-Hire – New Republic (Feb 24, 2015)

McCoy, Terrence Things just got very hot for climate deniers’ favorite scientist – The Washington Post (Feb 23, 2015)

Michaelson, Jay Armageddon for Climate Change Deniers – The Daily Beast (Feb 23, 2015)

Ramos, Dante Academic freedom for sale – The Boston Globe Opinion (Feb 24, 2015)

Rowland, Christopher, Researcher helps sow climate-change doubt – The Boston Globe (Nov 2013)

Schwartz, John Lawmakers Seek Information on Funding for Climate Change Critics – The New York Times (Feb 25, 2015)

Tollefson, Jeff  Documents Spur Investigation of Climate Sceptic – Nature (Feb 21, 2015)

Vaidyanathan, Gayathri Political Football over Climate Change Rattles Windows of Ivory Tower – Scientific American (Mar 23, 2015)

Vergano, Dan Greenpeace Probe Of Climate Naysayer Implicates Exxon Mobil – BuzzFeed (Feb 27, 2015)

Ward, Bob Without evidence, Arizona rep questions climate scientist’s impartiality – The Hill (Mar 4, 2015)

Warrick, Joby House Dems: Did Big Oil seek to sway scientists in climate debate? – The Washington Post (Feb 24, 2015)

Whitehouse, Sheldon (U.S. Senator, R.I.) Right-Wing Groups Get Overheated on Climate Questions – Huffington Post (Apr 13, 2015)

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5. Videos of Dr. Soon

Below of are links of Soon’s presentations at 10 of Heartland’s 12 international conferences on climate change:

Arctic Sea Ice History, ICCC-12

Soon at ICCC-11 in Essen, Germany

Sun and Climate Connection, ICCC10

WINNER: Courage in Defense of Science Award, ICCC9

IPCC: Gangster Science, ICCC9

Still ‘Gangster Science’, ICCC9

Almighty CO2, Giant Boa Snake and the Sun (What controls the equator-to-pole temperature distribution of the earth’s surface?), ICCC7

A Circum-Global View on Sun-Climate Connection, ICCC6

The Sun, the Milky Way and the C02 Monster, ICCC4

Global Warming 101: Why Co2 Is Not A Climate Driver!, ICCC3

Disconnects in Sun-climate Studies: Removing Politics from the Science, ICCC2

An Overview of Global Warming Science, ICCC1

BONUS VID: Willie Soon accepting the “Courage in Defense of Science” award from the The George C. Marshall Institute in July 2014.

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6. Dr. Soon’s biography

Dr. Willie W.-H. Soon, an astrophysicist and geoscientist, is a leading authority on the relationship between solar phenomena and global climate. His discoveries challenge computer modelers and advocates who consistently underestimate solar influences on cloud formation, ocean currents, and wind that cause climate to change. He has faced and risen above unethical and often libelous attacks on his research and his character, becoming one of the world’s most respected and influential voices for climate realism.

Dr. Soon is an astrophysicist at the Solar, Stellar and Planetary Sciences Division of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, a position he has held since 1997. He served as receiving editor for New Astronomy from 2002-2016, astronomer at the Mount Wilson Observatory from 1992-2009, and contributing editor for Environment & Climate News from 1997 to 2000. He is a policy advisor to The Heartland Institute.

Dr. Soon earned bachelor’s and master’s degrees in science and a Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from the University of Southern California.

Dr. Soon’s honors include a 1989 IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society Graduate Scholastic Award and a Rockwell Dennis Hunt Scholastic Award from the University of Southern California for the most representative Ph.D. research thesis of 1991.

In 2003, Dr. Soon received the Smithsonian Institution (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory) Award in official recognition of work  performance reflecting a high standard of accomplishment. In 2004, Soon received the Petr Beckmann award for courage and achievement in defense of scientific truth and freedom from the Doctors for Disaster Preparedness. In 2014, Dr. Soon received the Courage in Defense of Science Award from the George Marshall Institute. In 2017 he received the Frederick Seitz Memorial Award from the Science and Environmental Policy Project.

Dr. Soon is the author of The Maunder Minimum and the Variable Sun-Earth Connection (World Scientific Publishing Company, 2004). He is the coauthor, with Sebastian Lüning, of “Chapter 2: Solar Forcing of Climate” in Climate Change Reconsidered II: Physical Science (The Heartland Institute, 2013); the author of “Sun Shunned” in Climate Change: The Facts 2014 (The Public Affairs Institute: Melbourne, Australia); and coauthor, with S. Baliunas, of “A brief review of the sun-climate connection, with a new insight concerning water vapour” in Climate Change: The Facts 2017 (The Public Affairs Institute: Melbourne, Australia).

Dr. Soon’s research has appeared many times in peer-reviewed journals. The following articles were published since 2000:

Posmentier, E.S., W.H. Soon, and S.L. Baliunas (equal contribution by Posmentier and Soon), 2000: Natural variability in an-ocean-atmosphere climate model, Journal of Physics Malaysia 19: 157.

Soon, W.H. S.L. Baliunas, E.S. Posmentier, and P.N. Okeke, 2000: Variations of solar coronal hole area and terrestrial lower tropospheric air temperature from 1979 to Mid 1998, New Astronomy 4: 563-579.

Soon, W.H., E.S. Posmentier, and S.L. Baliunas, 2000: Climate hypersensitivity to solar forcing? Annales Geophysicae 18: 583-588.

Soon, W., S. Baliunas, K.S. Demirchan, S.B. Idso, K. Ya. Kondratyev, and E.S. Posmentier, 2001: The impact of anthropogenic CO2 emission on climate: Unresolved problems (in Russian), Proceedings of the Russian Geographical Society 133 (1).

Soon, W., S. Baliunas, S.B. Idso, K. Ya. Kondratyev, and E.S. Posmentier, 2001: Modeling climatic effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions: Unknowns and uncertainties, Climate Research 18: 259-275.

Soon, W., S. Baliunas, S.B. Idso, K. Ya. Kondratyev, and E.S. Posmentier, 2002: Reply to comments on Modeling climatic effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions: unknowns and uncertainties by James Risbey, Climate Research 22: 187-188.

Soon, W. and S. Baliunas, Proxy climatic and environmental changes of the last 1000 Years, 2003: Climate Research 23: 89-110.

Soon, W., S. Baliunas, S.B. Idso, K. Ya. Kondratyev, and E.S. Posmentier, 2003: Reply to comments on Modeling climatic effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions: unknowns and uncertainties by D.J. Karoly, J.F.B. Mitchell, M. Allen, G. Hegerl, J. Marengo, and F. Zwiers, Climate Research 24: 93-94.

Soon, W. and S. Baliunas, Annual progress report on global warming: 2001-2002, 2003: Progress in Physical Geography 27: 448-455.

Soon, W., S. Baliunas, C. Idso, S. Idso, and D.R. Legates, 2003: Reconstructing climatic and environmental changes of the past 1000 Years: a reappraisal, Energy & Environment 14: 233-296.

Soon, W., S. Baliunas, and D.R. Legates, 2003: Comment on On past temperature and anomalous late 20th Century warmth by Mann et al., Eos 84(44): 473.

Soon, W., D.R. Legates, and S. Baliunas, 2004: Estimation and representation of long term (> 40 years) trends of northern-hemisphere-gridded surface temperature: a note of caution, Geophysical Research Letters 31:doi:10.1029/2003GL019141.

Soon, W., 2005: Variable solar irradiance as a plausible agent for multidecadal variations in the Arctic-wide surface air temperature record of the past 130 years, Geophysical Research Letters 32: doi.10.1029/2005GL023429.

Dyck, M., W. Soon (as co-first authors), et al., 2007: Polar Bears of Western Hudson Bay and climate change: warming spring air temperatures as the ultimate survival control factor? Ecological Complexity 4: 73-84.

Soon, W., 2007: Implications of the secondary role of carbon dioxide and methane forcing in climate change: Past, present, and future, Physical Geography 28: 97-125.

Armstrong, J.S., K.C. Green, and W. Soon, 2008: Polar bear population forecasts: A public-policy forecasting audit, Interfaces 38: 382-405 [plus 3 comments and authors’ reply].

Dyck, M., W. Soon, et al., 2008: Reply to response to Dyck et al. (2007) on polar bears and climate change in western Hudson Bay by Stirling et al. (2008), Ecological Complexity 5: 289-302.

Liu, J., B. Wang, Q. Ding, X. Kuang, W. Soon, and E. Zorita, 2009: Centennial variations of global monsoon precipitation in the last millennium: Results from ECHO G model, Journal of Climate 22: 2356-2370.

Soon, W., 2009: Solar Arctic-mediated climate variation on multidecadal to centennial timescales: Empirical evidence, mechanistic explanation, and testable consequences, Physical Geography 30: 144-184.

Green, K.C., J.S. Armstrong, and W. Soon, 2009: Validity of climate change forecasting for public policy decision making, International Journal of Forecasting 25: 826-832.

Soon, W., 2009: Comments on HESS Opinion A random walk on water by D. Koutsoyiannis,  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6: C2852-C2856.

Soon, W. and D.R. Legates, 2010: Avoiding carbon myopia: Three considerations for policy makers concerning manmade carbon dioxide, Ecology Law Currents 37: 1-9.

Armstrong, J.S., K.C. Green, and W. Soon, 2011: Research on forecasting for the manmade global warming alarm, Energy & Environment 22: 1091-1104.

Agnihotri, R., K. Dutta, and W. Soon, 2011. Temporal derivative of total solar irradiance and anomalous Indian summer monsoon: an empirical evidence for a Sun-climate connection, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 73: 1980-1987.

Soon, W., K. Dutta, D.R. Legates, V. Velasco, and W. Zhang, 2011: Variation in surface air temperature of China during the 20th century, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 73: 2331-2344.

Legates, D.R. and W. Soon, 2011: Chapter 4: Sea level changes in Bangladesh: observational constraints on human, geologic and weather-climate variability related factors, in Climate Change Issues and Perspectives for Bangladesh, Rafique Ahmed, and S. Dara Shamsuddin (Eds). Dhakar, Bangladesh.

Legates, D.R., W. Soon, and W.M. Briggs, 2013: Learning and teaching climate science: The perils of consensus knowledge using agnotology, Science and Education 22: 2007-2017.

Legates, D.R., W. Soon, W.M. Briggs, and C. Monckton of Brenchley, 2013: Climate consensus and ‘misinformation’: A rejoinder to ‘Agnotology, Scientific Consensus, and the Teaching and Learning of Climate Change,’ Science and Education (August).

Soon, W. and D.R. Legates, 2013: Solar irradiance modulation of equator-to-pole (Arctic) temperature gradients: empirical evidence for climate variation on multi-decadal timescales, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 93: 45-56.

Willie Soon, Victor Velasco, Selvaraj Kandasamy, Rita Traversi, Ilya G Usoskin, Chen-Tung A Chen, Jiann-Yuh Lou, Shuh-Ji Kao, Robert M Carter, Valery Pipin, Mirko Severi, Silvia Becagli, 2014: A review of Holocene solar-linked climatic variation on centennial to millennial timescales: Physical processes, interpretative frame-works and a new multiple cross-wavelet transform algorithm, Earth-Science
Reviews 134: 1-15.

David R. Legates, Willis Eschenbach, and Willie Soon, Arctic albedo changes are small compared with changes in cloud cover in the tropics (Letter), 2014: Proceedings of the (U.S.) National Academy of Sciences 111, E2157-E2158 (2014).

D. R. Legates, W. Soon, W.M. Briggs, and C. Monckton of Brenchley, 2015: Climate consensus and misinformation: A rejoinder to ‘Agnotology, Scientific Consensus, and the Teaching and Learning of Climate Change,’ Science and Education 24, 299-318.

Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco, and Willie Soon, 2015: A phenomenological study of the timing of solar activity minima of the last millennium through a physical modeling of the Sun-Planets Interactions, New Astronomy 34, 164-171.

K.M. Hiremath, H.Manjunath, and W. Soon, 2015: Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall: Dancing with the Tunes of the Sun, New Astronomy 35, 8-19.

Hong Yan, Willie Soon, YuHong Wang, 2015: A composite sea surface temperature record of the northern South China Sea for the past 2500 years: A unique look into seasonality and seasonal climate changes during warm and cold periods, Earth-Science Reviews 141, 122-135.

C. Monckton of Brenchley, W. Soon, D. R. Legates, and W.M. Briggs, 2015, Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate model, Science Bulletin 60, 122-135.

Hong Yan, Wei Wei, Willie Soon, ZhiSheng An, WeiJian Zhou, ZhongHui Liu, YuHong Wang, Robert M Carter, 2015: Dynamics of the Intertropical Convergence Zone over the Western Pacific During the Little Ice Age, Nature Geoscience 8, 315-320.

W. Soon, and D. R. Legates, 2015: Response to the comment on: Soon, W., and Legates, D.R., solar irradiance modulation of equator-to-pole (Arctic) temperature gradients: empirical evidence for climate variation on multi-decadal timescales. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 93, (2013) 4556.

C. Monckton of Brenchley, W. Soon, D. R. Legates, W.M. Briggs, 2015: Keeping it simple: the value of an irreducibly simple climate model, Science Bulletin 60, 1378-1390.

I. G. Usoskin, et al. (with Willie Soon as one co-author), 2015: The Maunder Minimum (1645-1715) was indeed a grand minimum: A reassessment of multiple datasets, Astronomy & Astrophysics 581, A95.

Willie Soon, Ronan Connolly, Michael Connolly, 2015: Re-evaluating the role of solar variability on Northern Hemisphere temperature trends since the 19th century, Earth-Science Reviews 150, 409-452.

K. Olah, Zs. Kovari, K. Petrovay, W. Soon, S. Baliunas, Z. Kollath, K. Vida, 2016: On the nature of magnetic cycles at different ages of stars, Astronomy & Astrophysics 590, A133.

Velasco Herrera V.M., Soon, W., Velasco Herrera G., Traversi R and Horiouchi K, 2017: Generalization of the cross-wavelet functions, New Astronomy 56, 86-93.

Ricky Egeland, Willie Soon, Sallie Baliunas, Jefferey Hall, Alexei Pevtsov, and Luca Bertello, 2017: The Mount Wilson Observatory S-Index of the Sun, Astrophysical Journal 835: 25 (16 pp).

Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco, and Willie Soon, Short-term Orbital Forcing: A quasi-review and a reappraisal of realistic boundary conditions for climate modeling, Earth-Science Reviews 166, 206-222 (2017).

Ronan Connolly, Michael Connolly, and Willie Soon, 2017: Re-calibration of Arctic sea ice extent datasets using Arctic surface air temperature records, Hydrological Sciences Journal 62, 1317-1340.

Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco, Jose Ernesto Valentini, Nancy Esther Quaranta, and Willie Soon, 2018: Lunar fingerprints in the modulated incoming solar radiation: Insitu- insolation and latitudinal insolation gradients as two important interpretive metrics for paleoclimatic data records and theoretical climate modeling, New Astronomy 58, 96-106 (2018).

V.M. Velasco Herrera, J. Perez-Peraza, W. Soon, and J.C. Marquez-Adame, 2018: The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation of 1.7 years in Ground Level Enhancement Events, New Astronomy 60, 7-13 (2018).

Willie Soon, Ronan Connolly, Michael Connolly, Peter O’Neill, Jingyun Zheng, Quansheng Ge, Zhixin Hao and Hong Yan, 2018: Comparing the current and early 20th century warming periods in China, Earth-Science Reviews 185, 80-101.

Shican Qiu, Willie Soon, Xiankang Dou, Xianghui Xie, Tao Li, Wanyin Wang, Mingjiao Jia, Chao Ban, Xin Fang, and Yihuan Tang, 2018: Sudden sodium layers: Their appearance and disappearance, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 123.

W. Soon, V.M. Velasco Herrera, R. G. Cionco, S. Qiu, S. Baliunas, R. Egeland, G. Henry, 2019: Co-variations of chromospheric and photometric variability of the young Sun analog HD 30495: Evidence for and interpretation of mid-term periodicities, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 483, 2748-2757.

Ronan Connolly, Michael Connolly, Willie Soon, David Legates, Rodolfo Cionco, and Victor Velasco Herrera, 2019: Northern hemisphere snow-cover trends (1967-2018): A comparison between climate models and observations, Geosciences 9, 1-23.

ChengCheng Liu, Hong Yan, Haobei Fei, Xiaolin Ma, Wenchao Zhang, Ge Shi, Willie Soon, John Dodson, Zhisheng An, 2019: Temperature seasonality and ENSO variability in northern South China Sea during Medieval Climate Anomaly interval as derived from the Sr/Ca ratios of Tridacna shell, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 180, 103880.

Teresita Heredia, Flavia Bazzano, Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco, Willie Soon, Franco Medina, and Ana Elias, 2019: Searching for solar-like interannual to bidecadal effects on temperature and precipitation over a Southern Hemisphere location, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 193, 105094.