All posts in Reference

Sci Rep. 2018; 8: 4864. Published online 2018 Mar 20. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22854-0 PMCID: PMC5861038 PMID: 29559646 Indrani Roy Abstract This study investigates the role of the eleven-year solar cycle on the Arctic climate during 1979–2016. It reveals that during those years, when the winter solar sunspot number (SSN) falls below 1.35 standard deviations (or mean value), the Arctic warming extends from the lower troposphere to high up in the upper stratosphere and vice versa when SSN is above. The warming in the atmospheric column reflects an easterly zonal wind anomaly consistent with warm air and positive geopotential height anomalies for years …

R. Clark, Mar. 21.2013 | E&E Submission V4 Part II Final Draft Roy Clark, Ph.D. Ventura Photonics 1336 N. Moorpark Road #224 Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA ABSTRACT The coupled thermal reservoir approach described in Part I is demonstrated by analyzing flux and meteorological data covering a range of thermal reservoir conditions. These include mid latitude ocean thermal storage, the surface flux balance of the Pacific warm pool and the land surface flux balance in S. California. In addition to temperature data, the effects of thermal gradients, flux interaction lengths and the time delay or phase shift between the heating …

By Ferenc Miskolczi 3 Holston Lane, Hampton VA 23664, USA Article in Energy & Environment · August 2010 DOI: 10.1260/0958-305X.21.4.243 ABSTRACT By the line-by-line method, a computer program is used to analyze Earth atmospheric radiosonde data from hundreds of weather balloon observations. Interms of a quasi-all-sky protocol, fundamental infrared atmospheric radiative flux components are calculated: at the top boundary, the outgoing long wave radiation, the surface transmitted radiation, and the upward atmospheric emittance; at the bottom boundary, the downward atmospheric emittance. The partition of the outgoing long wave radiation into upward atmospheric emittance and surface transmitted radiation components is based …

R. Clark Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0171 6/17/09 Roy Clark Thousand Oaks Summary The energy transfer processes that occur at the Earth’s surface are examined from first principles. The effect of small changes in the solar constant caused by variations in the sunspot cycles and small increases in downward long wave infrared flux due to a 100 ppm increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration on surface temperature are considered in detail. The changes in the solar constant are sufficient to change ocean temperatures and alter the Earth’s climate. The effects on surface temperature of small increases in downward LWIR flux are too …

Karl Glaser, Roche Colorado Corporation. Boulder, Colorado ABSTRACT The correlation between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and surface temperature was determined at various locations, using published data from the Goddard Institute of Space Studies and the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Significant correlations were seen, with a lag of approximately 45 – 60 years between the rise in temperature and the rise in carbon dioxide concentration.