All posts in Papers

By BERT BOLIN, University of Stockholm (Manuscript received March 3, 1960) Abstract The physical and chemical processes responsible for exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the sea are analyzed. It is shown that the rate of transfer is considerably decreased due to the finite rate of hydration of CO2 in water. This is the case both for a smooth water surface where molecular diffusion plays a ro1e in the first few hundredths of a millimeter as well as for a rough sea where turbulence extends all the way to the surface. A general agreement is found between the …

Peter M. Saunders Published in the Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, May 1967 Abstract A simple theory is presented to account for the difference between the temperature at the ocean-air interface and that of the water at a depth of about one meter. Download PDF This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it..

Academia Letters, August 2021 ©2021 by the authors — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0 Corresponding Author: Daniele Mazza, mazzad50@gmail.com Citation: Mazza, D., Canuto, E. (2021). Evidence of solar 11-year cycle from Sea Surface Temperature (SST). Academia Letters, Article 3023. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL3023. Daniele Mazza, Former faculty, Politecnico di Torino Enrico Canuto, Former faculty, Politecnico di Torino The solar contribution to variation in mean temperatures of the earth during the past has been long debated. The reason for this is evident: a direct sun’s influence on global climate parameters would undoubtedly confirm the primary role of the sun in driving …

Akira Onuki ∗ Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (Dated: February 7, 2009) Equilibrium properties of dilute binary fluid mixtures are studied in two-phase states on the basis of a Helmholtz free energy including the gradient free energy. The solute partitioning between gas and liquid (Henry’s law) and the surface tension change ∆γ are discussed. A derivation of the Gibbs law ∆γ = −T Γ is given with Γ being the surface adsorption. Calculated quantities include the derivatives dT c /dX and dp c /dX of the critical temperature and pressure with respect to the solute molar fraction …

Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (EFOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 …

By Ad Huijser (corresponding address ah@on.nl) Summary: By applying a simple feedback model for the response of the atmosphere to GHG-forcing at TOA, the GCM’s CMIP3/5 derived climate feedback values are being discussed in view of a.o. the CERES satellite data about trends in globally averaged surface temperatures and diminishing cloud-cover. It is shown that the trends in cloudiness during the period 1980-2020 are inconsistent with a CO2-only scenario, unless accepting extremely high ECS values of around 8K/2xCO2. Taking those trends in cloudiness as extra, independent forcing, results in a value of the climate sensitivity for the change in cloud …

Abstract Allen and Tett (1999, herein AT99) introduced a Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression methodology for decomposing patterns of climate change for attribution purposes and proposed the “Residual Consistency Test” (RCT) to check the GLS specification. Their methodology has been widely used and highly influential ever since, in part because subsequent authors have relied upon their claim that their GLS model satisfies the conditions of the Gauss-Markov (GM) Theorem, thereby yielding unbiased and efficient estimators. But AT99 stated the GM Theorem incorrectly, omitting a critical condition altogether, their GLS method cannot satisfy the GM conditions, and their variance estimator is …

Abstract In order to evaluate how much Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) has influenced Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature trends, it is important to have reliable estimates of both quantities. Sixteen different estimates of the changes in TSI since at least the 19th century were compiled from the literature. Half of these estimates are “low variability” and half are “high variability”. Meanwhile, five largely-independent methods for estimating Northern Hemisphere temperature trends were evaluated using: 1) only rural weather stations; 2) all available stations whether urban or rural (the standard approach); 3) only sea surface temperatures; 4) tree-ring widths as temperature proxies; …