All posts in Papers

Peter Stallinga University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal Abstract One of the ingredients of anthropogenic global warming is the existence of a large correlation between carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and the temperature. In this work we analyze the original time-series data that led to the new wave of climate research and test the two hypotheses that might explain this correlation, namely the (more commonly accepted and well-known) greenhouse effect (GHE) and the less-known Henry’s Law (HL). This is done by using the correlation and the temporal features of the data. Our conclusion is that of the two hypotheses …

Hermann Harde Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg, Experimental Physics and Materials Science, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany Received in revised form 11 February 2017 Abstract Climate scientists presume that the carbon cycle has come out of balance due to the increasing anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuel combustion and land use change. This is made responsible for the rapidly increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations over recent years, and it is estimated that the removal of the additional emissions from the atmosphere will take a few hundred thousand years. Since this goes along with an increasing greenhouse effect and a further global warming, a better understanding …

December 2013 P. Stallinga and Igor Khmelinskii Universidade do Algarve, Portugal Abstract The primary ingredient of Anthropogenic Global Warming hypothesis is the assumption that atmospheric carbon dioxide variations are the cause for temperature variations. In this paper we discuss this assumption and analyze it on basis of bi-centenary measurements and using a relaxation model which causes phase shifts and delays. Download PDF This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it..

Chapter 2 Introduction This chapter outlines the chemistry of carbon dioxide in sea water so as to provide a coherent background for the rest of this Handbook. The following sections lay out the thermodynamic framework required for an understanding of the solution chemistry; the thermodynamic data needed to interpret field and laboratory results are presented in Chapter 5 of this handbook. Download PDF This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it..

H. R. Brannon Jr., A. C. Daughtry, D. Perry, W. W. Whitaker, M. Williams First published: October 1957 Abstract The dilution of atmospheric carbon dioxide by carbon dioxide from fossil fuels is estimated to be about 3½ pct, on the basis of radiocarbon assays of tree rings of known ages from several trees of different genera, after allowance has been made for effects attributable to ecological differences. The cumulative mass of fossil carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere is 3.3 x 10^17 gm, equivalent to about 14 pct of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Based on these data, the …

Timothy J. Lueker, Andrew G. Dickson, Charles D. Keeling 15 December 1999 Abstract The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the ocean’s surface waters, precisely expressed as the fugacity (ƒCO2) is determined from dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) , and the first and second dissociation constants of carbonic acid (K1 and K2) The original measurements of K1 and K2 reported by Mehrbach et al. [Mehrbach, C., Culberson, C.H., Hawley, J.E., Pytkowicz, R.M., 1973. Measurement of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at atmospheric pressure. Limnol. Oceanogr. 18, 897–907] are reformulated to give equations for …

Copernicus.org R. Sander Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany Received: 26 Jun 2014 – Discussion started: 28 Nov 2014 – Revised: 16 Mar 2015 – Accepted: 24 Mar 2015 – Published: 30 Apr 2015 Abstract. Many atmospheric chemicals occur in the gas phase as well as in liquid cloud droplets and aerosol particles. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the distribution between the phases. According to Henry’s law, the equilibrium ratio between the abundances in the gas phase and in the aqueous phase is constant for a dilute solution. Henry’s law constants …